The precise details of spectra and charge distribution must be left to quantum mechanical calculations, as with the Schrodinger equation. The Bohr model gives us a basic conceptual model of electron orbits and energies. This is in direct violation of the uncertainty principle which dictates that position and momentum cannot be simultaneously determined. The Bohr model treats the electron as if it were a miniature planet, with definite radius and momentum. There is no mechanism for the calculation of transition probabilities.Ģ. It fails to provide any understanding of why certain spectral lines are brighter than others. Some of the shortcomings of the model are:ġ. While the Bohr model was a major step toward understanding the quantum theory of the atom, it is not in fact a correct description of the nature of electron orbits. The Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom actually gave the same energies, so the Bohr model was a helpful step along the way to developing a quantum mechanical model for hydrogen. It does introduce several important features of all models used to describe the distribution of electrons in an atom. Substitution for r gives the Bohr energies and radii:Īlthough the Bohr model of the atom was shown to have many failures, the expression for the hydrogen electron energies is amazingly accurate. Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom provides insight into the behavior of matter at the microscopic level, but it does not account for electronelectron interactions in atoms with more than one electron. Bohr orbitīohr OrbitCombining the energy of the classical electron orbit with the quantization of angular momentum, the Bohr approach yields expressions for the electron orbit radii and energies: In the Bohr theory, this classical result was combined with the quantization of angular momentum to get an expression for quantized energy levels. This quantization of angular momentum is a crucial result and can be used in determining the Bohr orbit radii and Bohr energies. Thus L is not only conserved, but constrained to discrete values by the quantum number n. (Note that this assumes a circular orbit, a generally unwarranted assumption.) These can be combined to get an expression for the angular momentum of the electron in orbit. In the hydrogenic case, the number n is the principal quantum number. The Bohr model successfully predicted the energies for the hydrogen atom, but had significant failures that were corrected by solving the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom.Īngular Momentum QuantizationIn the Bohr model, the wavelength associated with the electron is given by the DeBroglie relationshipĪnd the standing wave condition that circumference = whole number of wavelengths. From their sizes to their spectra, much was known about atoms, but little had been explained in terms of the laws of physics. One of the implications of these quantized energy states is that only certain photon energies are allowed when electrons jump down from higher levels to lower levels, producing the hydrogen spectrum. These sharp energy states are associated with the orbits or shells of electrons in an atom, e.g., a hydrogen atom. Wave nature of electron Quantized Energy StatesThe electrons in free atoms can only be found in certain discrete energy states.
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